Throughout history, the materials used in clothing have sometimes posed significant dangers. One of the most perilous aspects has been the flammability of certain fabrics. In the 19th century, lightweight and airy fabrics like muslin, tulle, and gauze were highly fashionable. These materials were popular for their delicate and ethereal appearance, but they were also highly flammable.
One tragic example is the case of ballerinas in the 1800s, who often wore tutus made from layers of soft translucent tulle. The stage lighting of the time, primarily gas lamps, posed a constant risk. Numerous reports detail incidents where dancers' costumes caught fire, leading to severe burns or death. The famous dancer Emma Livry, for instance, suffered a fatal accident in 1862 when her costume ignited during a rehearsal.
The flammability issue wasn't limited to the stage. Everyday clothing for women, particularly those made from muslin, posed similar risks. The slightest exposure to an open flame, such as from a candle or fireplace, could result in the entire garment going up in flames within seconds. These incidents were so common that they spurred the development of less flammable materials and eventually led to regulations regarding fabric safety.
The Crinoline - A Deadly Fashion Statement: The crinoline, a popular 19th-century fashion accessory, is another example of fashion's deadly potential. Designed to give skirts a voluminous, bell-shaped appearance, crinolines were made from horsehair, steel hoops, or even whalebone. While they achieved the desired silhouette, they were cumbersome and posed several dangers.
One of the primary hazards of the crinoline was its tendency to catch fire. The voluminous skirts made it difficult for wearers to maneuver safely around open flames, which were common in homes and public places. There are numerous accounts of women who, unable to escape the flames due to the sheer size and flammability of their crinolines, suffered fatal burns.
Additionally, the sheer size of crinolines made them impractical and sometimes dangerous in crowded or confined spaces. Women wearing these expansive garments could become trapped in narrow doorways or staircases, leading to accidents and injuries. There were even reports of women being caught in carriage wheels or other machinery, illustrating how impractical and hazardous these garments could be.
The history of fashion is filled with examples of trends that, while beautiful, came with significant risks. Flammable fabrics and the cumbersome crinoline are just two instances where the pursuit of style resulted in tragedy. These stories serve as a stark reminder of the importance of safety in fashion, encouraging us to make choices that prioritize health and well-being alongside beauty. As we continue to explore and enjoy fashion, let’s ensure that our choices celebrate creativity without compromising our safety.
Read here about the evolution of Fire Retardant Textiles.
Alison Matthews David, 2015, Fashion Victims, The Dangers of Dress Past and Present, Bloomsbury.
Image: Spacedezert, Unsplash.